Atypical manifestation of dural arteriovenous fistula.

A case of secondary dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as infantile stroke, in a fifteen month old boy, is reported. The initial impression on CT scan in this case was misleading, due to the atypical appearance of the pathological periventricular blood vessels, interpreted as periventricular calcification.

Intralenticular foreign bodies: report of eight cases and review of management.

PURPOSE: The management of intralenticular foreign bodies (ILFBs) with or without cataract has varied from time to time in the last century. We evaluated the surgical removal of the ILFBs with cataract extraction as a single-stage procedure. METHODS: Eight consecutive cases with intralenticular foreign bodies presenting to the trauma centre at our institute, were included in the study. Planned ILFB removal with cataract extraction and IOL implantation as a single-stage procedure was done in all the patients. They were followed up from 2 months to 2 years after the surgery. RESULTS: ILFBs were removed with Kelman-Mcpherson forceps in seven cases and in one it was expressed with the nucleus during extra capsular cataract extraction. Co-existent posterior capsular tears were seen in two eyes, of which only one needed a localized vitrectomy. Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was possible without any complication in all the cases. Postoperative uveitis seen in three cases was easily controlled with periocular steroids. Best corrected visual acuity at last examination was 6/9 or better in 7 cases and 6/12 in one case with posterior capsular opacification. CONCLUSIONS: Timing and necessity of ILFB removal may be adjusted according to the foreign body characteristics and associated ocular trauma, choosing, as far as possible, the least traumatic procedure. Use of forceps rather than magnets is safer for the removal of the ILFB. Co-existent posterior capsular tears need to be anticipated and dealt with when encountered.

Rapid sexing of bovine preimplantation embryos using polymerase chain reaction: production of calves with predetermined sex under field conditions.

Two to four blastomere size biopsies were obtained from each 6-day-old embryo of zebu and crossbred cattle for sex determination. The sex of the embryos was determined with a set of bovine Y-chromosome specific primer pairs by using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty two biopsied embryos after their sex was determined, when transferred fresh to synchronized recipients, resulted in 56.2% pregnancy rate. Sixteen healthy calves were born at full term, while 2 heifers aborted at mid-term from fresh embryo transfer. Simultaneously, 44 biopsied embryos which were kept frozen, were thawed at a later date and transferred to the previously synchronized recipients, thereby leading to 24 pregnancies (54.5%). Twenty-three healthy calves were born at full term, while 1 heifer aborted at mid-term from frozen-thawed embryo transfer. The pregnancy rates from both fresh and frozen-thawed biopsied embryos were comparable with that of controls (P > 0.05). Except for a single misidentification of a male calf as a female by our PCR assay (2.6%), the phenotypic sex of all the live born calves as well as the aborted fetuses was correctly matched with the PCR detection.

Use of Chronogest implants and Folltropin for estrus synchronization and superovulation in goats.

Six Barbari goats each were assigned randomly to treatments 1,2 or 3, comprising im injections of FSH (folltropin) at 12, 14 or 16 mg dose level respectively. Estrus was synchronized with intravaginal sponge impregnated with flugestone acetate (30 mg; chronogest) inserted for 12 days and cloprostenol (125 micrograms) im at the insertion as well as at removal of sponge. FSH treatment started 48 hr before the sponge removal as 4-day declining dose scheme. Estrus could be effectively synchronized in all goats under the study, with significant difference (P less than 0.05) in the onset of estrus between the treatment groups. All goats were administered with 750 IU hCG i.v. at estrus. Recording of ovarian response and embryo recovery was done 45 hr after the onset of estrus. The prime aim of superovulation was effectively achieved in Barbari goats with the use of chronogest implants and folltropin. There was no difference (P greater than 0.05) between the treatment groups in recovery of transferable embryos, however, 14 mg folltropin appeared to be near optimal dose. There was no adverse effect on the quality of recovered embryos with high doses of folltropin.

Superovulation and embryo recovery in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) using different doses of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG).

Present investigation was conducted to study the ovarian response and embryo recovery using different PMSG dose levels. Six rabbits each were assigned randomly to treatment 1 (PMSG 50 IU + hCG 100 IU), treatment 2 (PMSG 75 IU + hCG 100 IU) and the control group (no hormone administered). PMSG injection (im) was followed 68 hr later by natural mating to a fertile rabbit buck and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) injection iv post coitum. Embryos were recovered 96 hr post coitum by a modified surgical method. Mean number of ovulations in the control group differed significantly from treatment 1 and 2, but no significant difference was observed between treatments 1 and 2. Mean embryo recovery percentage was lowest in treatment 2 and highest in the control group. The higher dose PMSG (treatment 2) was observed to be more disturbing in terms of recovery of embryos as well as their morphology.